Political risks such as war, quotas, foreign exchange control ; commercial risks like market change and exchange rate fluctuations; and even language barriers all add up to the problems in international trade. Because of these problems and risks, exp

Political risks such as war, quotas, foreign exchange control ; commercial risks like market change and exchange rate fluctuations; and even language barriers all add up to the problems in international trade. Because of these problems and risks, exporters are hesitant to release their goods before receiving payment, while importers prefer to have control over the goods before parting with their money.

政治风险，如战争、配额、外汇管制；商业风险,如市场变化、汇率波动；甚至语言障碍所有这些都构成了国际贸易中的问题。由于这些问题和风险，出口商在收到货款之前不愿意发货，而进口商在付款之前就希望得到货物。