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perlocutionary act

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semantic change

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41 Linguistics is generally defined as “the scientific study of language”. Describe briefly brieflythe process of linguistic study.

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What is the Cooperative Principle? Please make an analysis of what maxim is violated by B and what implicature is produced in the following conversation. A: The speaker is an awful bore. Don’t you think? B: The lecture hall is spacious, isn’t it? （Th

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Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols，” which was proposed by________

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Of the following features,________ is NOT a suprasegmental feature.

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The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new wordare called ________ rules.

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In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase very curious of the answer is________ .

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Predication analysis is a way to analyze________ meaning.

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A________ analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.

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The work of the________ marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-European language family.

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There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, andhow we use this knowledge in actual speech production and________ , which is our linguistic performance.

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When we speak, words are sent to________ , which determines the details of their formand pronunciation.

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When children’s language develops towards the early________ stage, negative words occur at the beginning of expressions, for example, “No mitten，” “No singing song”.

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Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker’s competence, not his p________ ，which is too haphazard to be studied.

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The a________ rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme.

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Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s________ element.

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A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.

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Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions.

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According to John Austin, p________ were sentences which did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

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Language change is largely a process of b________ between the simplification and the elaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need to maintain communicative clarity.

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Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects, namely, r________ dialects, social dialects, and registers.

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For most individuals，the 1________ hemisphere is dominant for language.

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Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case i________ motivation occurs.

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The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in the sense that it tells learners what they should say, or what is supposed to be correct usage.

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